Friday, 9 April 2010

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Spam Nation: The Inside Story of Organized Cybercrime_from Global Epidemic to Your Front Door, by Brian Krebs

There is a Threat Lurking Online with the Power to Destroy Your Finances, Steal Your Personal Data, and Endanger Your Life.

In Spam Nation, investigative journalist and cybersecurity expert Brian Krebs unmasks the criminal masterminds driving some of the biggest spam and hacker operations targeting Americans and their bank accounts. Tracing the rise, fall, and alarming resurrection of the digital mafia behind the two largest spam pharmacies―and countless viruses, phishing, and spyware attacks―he delivers the first definitive narrative of the global spam problem and its threat to consumers everywhere.

Blending cutting-edge research, investigative reporting, and firsthand interviews, this terrifying true story reveals how we unwittingly invite these digital thieves into our lives every day. From unassuming computer programmers right next door to digital mobsters like "Cosma"―who unleashed a massive malware attack that has stolen thousands of Americans' logins and passwords―Krebs uncovers the shocking lengths to which these people will go to profit from our data and our wallets.

Not only are hundreds of thousands of Americans exposing themselves to fraud and dangerously toxic products from rogue online pharmacies, but even those who never open junk messages are at risk. As Krebs notes, spammers can―and do―hack into accounts through these emails, harvest personal information like usernames and passwords, and sell them on the digital black market. The fallout from this global epidemic doesn't just cost consumers and companies billions, it costs lives too.

Fast-paced and utterly gripping, Spam Nation ultimately proposes concrete solutions for protecting ourselves online and stemming this tidal wave of cybercrime―before it's too late.

"Krebs's talent for exposing the weaknesses in online security has earned him respect in the IT business and loathing among cybercriminals.… His track record of scoops…has helped him become the rare blogger who supports himself on the strength of his reputation for hard-nosed reporting." ―Bloomberg Businessweek

  • Sales Rank: #960824 in Books
  • Published on: 2014-11-18
  • Released on: 2014-11-18
  • Formats: Audiobook, MP3 Audio, Unabridged
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.75" h x .50" w x 5.25" l,
  • Running time: 8 Hours
  • Binding: MP3 CD

Review
"Spam Nation is an excellent look at the technicalities, ethics, economics, global politics, and business of spam and cybercrime, and it is researched and told with enormous care and verve. " - Cory Doctorow, Boing Boing

"A fascinating and somewhat disheartening look why spam is so common...readers of Spam Nation will never look at the spam in their inbox the same way again." - USA Today

"In Spam Nation, journalist Brian Krebs guides readers through the intimidating and technical world of organized cybercrime...Future wars will be waged in part by talented hackers with bot armies at their backs. For now, we have Krebs as a guide, and-thankfully-email filters. " - The Washington Free Beacon

"The book is a strong chronicle of how and why this junk business succeeds..." - Federal Computer Week

"Krebs' guided tour of the cybercriminal underworld is a cautionary tale about menacing cultures of hackers, spammers and duplicitous digital network 'cybercrooks...' an eye-opening, immensely distressing expos� on the current state of organized cyberspammers. " - Kirkus

"Armed with reams of information sent to him by feuding hackers and cybercrooks, Krebs explores just how and why these spammers get away with so much...By exposing our digital weaknesses and following the money, he presents a fascinating and entertaining cautionary tale. Krebs's work is timely, informative, and sadly relevant in our cyber-dependent age." - Publishers Weekly

"Spam Nation does a great job of telling an important aspect of the story, and what small things you can do to make a large difference, such that you won't fall victim to these scammers. At just under 250 pages, Spam Nation is a quick read and an important one at that." - Slashdot

"[A] potent new book...Intricate and superbly documented." - Boston Globe

"Brian Krebs, a well-known security expert, dives deep into the history and culture of the underground world where spam gets made-and along the way touches on that community's participation in online criminal enterprises: identity theft, botnet creation, money laundering, data breaches, and much more." - Before It's News

"Those wishing for a reliable tour of the shadowy world of criminal hacking and cyber thievery need look no further than Spam Nation, a new book by Brian Krebs." - Vending Times

"A riveting historical thriller about the Russian bad guys behind spam and malware attacks, how it grew, why so little was accomplished to stop it & ultimately, how of late the tide has been shifting. " - Newstips

"Brian Krebs's blend of investigative reporting and cybersecurity expertise makes for an informative and entertaining read." - ZDNet

"I know this book review is essentially a Brian Krebs love fest. Sorry, I can't help myself. As a security pro, it's my occupation to find flaws, but I can't find one in this book. At a time when courageous journalists around the world are under threat, investigative journalism of this quality and boldness deserves to be rewarded." - InfoWorld

"Inside story of the sophisticated world of spam and cyber attacks and the people and organizations behind them. It gets into the psychology and methods and relationships behind the people who send it, the few but enough who click and buy, and the rest who are unwittingly part of the system." - Medium

About the Author
Brian Krebs is an award-winning journalist and founder of the highly acclaimed cybersecurity blog KrebsOnSecurity.com. For fourteen years, Krebs was a reporter for the Washington Post, where he authored the acclaimed Security Fix blog. He has been profiled in the New York Times and Bloomberg Businessweek and has appeared on the Today Show, Good Morning America, CNN, NPR, Fox, ABC News, in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and more.

Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1
PARASITE

The navy blue BMW 760 nosed up to the crosswalk at a traffic light in downtown Moscow. A black Porsche Cayenne pulled alongside. It was 2:00 p.m., Sunday, September 2, 2007, and the normally congested streets adjacent to the storied Sukharevskaya Square were devoid of traffic, apart from the tourists and locals strolling the broad sidewalks on either side of the boulevard. The afternoon sun that bathed the streets in warmth throughout the day was beginning to cast long shadows on the street from the historic buildings nearby.

The driver of the BMW, a notorious local scam artist who went by the hacker nickname "Jaks," had just become a father that day, and Jaks and his passenger had toasted the occasion with prodigious amounts of vodka. It was the perfect time and place to settle a simmering rivalry with the Porsche driver over whose ride was faster. Now each driver revved his engine in an unspoken agreement to race the short, straight distance to the big city square directly ahead.

As the signal flashed green, the squeal of rubber peeling off on concrete echoed hundreds of meters down in the main square. Bystanders turned to watch as the high-performance machines lurched from the intersection, each keeping pace with the other and accelerat�ing at breakneck speed.

Roaring past the midpoint of the race at more than 200 kilometers per hour, Jaks suddenly lost control, clipping the Porsche and careen�ing into a huge metal lamp post. In an instant, the competition was over, with neither car the winner. The BMW was sliced in two, the Porsche a smoldering, crumpled wreck close by. The drivers of both cars crawled and limped away from the scene, but the BMW's passenger-a promising twenty-three-year-old Internet entrepreneur named Nikolai McColo-was killed instantly, his almost headless body pinned under the luxury car.

"Kolya," as McColo was known to friends, was a minor celebrity in the cybercriminal underground, the youngest employee of a family-owned Internet hosting business that bore his nickname-McColo Corp. At a time when law-enforcement agencies worldwide were just waking up to the financial and organizational threats from organized cybercrime, McColo Corp. had earned a reputation as a ground zero for it: a place where cybercrooks could reliably set up shop with little worry that their online investments and schemes would be discovered or jeopardized by foreign law-enforcement investigators.

At the time of Kolya's death, his family's hosting provider was home base for the largest businesses on the planet engaged in pumping out junk email or "spam" via robot networks. Called "botnets" for short, these networks are collections of personal computers that have been hacked and seeded with malicious software-or "malware"-that lets the attackers control the systems from afar. Usually, the owners of these computers have no idea their machines have been taken hostage.

Nearly all of the botnets controlled from McColo were built to blast out the unsolicited junk spam advertisements that flood our inboxes and spam filters every day. But the servers at McColo weren't generating and pumping spam themselves; that would attract too much attention from Internet vigilantes and Western law-enforcement agencies. Instead, they were merely used by the botmaster businesses to manipulate millions of PCs scattered around the globe into becoming spam-spewing zombies.

By the time paramedics had cleared the area of Kolya's accident, gruesome images of the carnage were already being uploaded to secre�tive Russian Internet forums frequented by McColo's friends and business clients.... This was a major event in the cybercrime underworld.

Days later, the motley crew of Moscow-based spammers would gather to pay their last respects at his service. The ceremony was held at the same church where Kolya had been baptized less than twenty-three years earlier. Among those in attendance were Igor "Desp" Gusev and Dmitry "SaintD" Stupin, coadministrators of SpamIt and GlavMed, until recently the world's largest sponsors of spam1-and two figures that will play key roles in this book.

Also at the service was Dmitry "Gugle" Nechvolod, then twenty-five years old and a hacker who was closely connected to the Cutwail botnet. Cutwail is a massive crime machine that has infected tens of millions of home computers around the globe and secretly seized control over them for sending spam. To this day, Cutwail remains one of the largest and most active spam botnets-although it is almost undoubtedly run by many different individuals now (more on this in Chapter 7, "Meet the Spammers").

So why is it important to note these three men's presence at such a momentous event for cybercrime? Because their work (as well as Kolya's and hundreds of others) impacts every one of us every day in a strange but seriously significant way: spam email.

Indeed, spam email has become the primary impetus for the devel�opment of malicious software-programs that strike computers like yours and mine every day-and through them, target our identities, our security, our finances, families, and friends. These botnets are virtual parasites that require care and constant feeding to stay one step ahead of antivirus tools and security firms who work to dismantle the networks.

This technological arms race requires the development, production, and distribution of ever-stealthier malware that can evade constantly changing antivirus and anti-spam defenses. Therefore, the hackers at the throttle of these massive botnets also use spam as a form of self-preservation. The same botnets that spew plain old spam typically are used to distribute junk email containing new versions of the malware that helps spread the contagion. In addition, spammers often reinvest their earnings from spamming people in building better, stronger, and sneakier malicious software that can bypass antivirus and anti-spam software and firewalls. The spam ecosystem is a constantly evolving technological and sociological crime machine that feeds on itself.

Given the increasing menace of spam email and related cybersecurity assaults that directly affect consumers and companies (like the major news story I broke to the media in December 2013 about the Target credit-card database breach-a cyberattack that compromised millions of Americans' financial information and forced an even greater number of us to get new credit cards), you may be wondering why governments, law-enforcement officials, and corporations aren't taking a stronger and more significant stance to stop the tidal wave of spam and cybercrime impacting us all.

Part of the reason is that many policymakers and cybercrime experts tend to dismiss spam as a nuisance problem that can be solved or at least mitigated to a manageable degree by the proper mix of technology and law enforcement. For many of the rest of us, spam has become almost the punch line of a joke, thanks to its close association with male penile-enhancement pills and erectile dysfunction medica�tions such as Viagra and Cialis. We assume that if we don't open the emails or don't purchase anything from them, we aren't affected.

Unfortunately, that attitude underscores a popular yet funda�mental miscalculation about the threat that spam poses to every one of us.

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
SPAM Nation - Book Review: Ignore this book at your Peril
By Mark Gibson
Spam Nation: The Inside Story of Organized Cybercrime-from Global Epidemic to Your Front DoorBrian Krebs is an investigative journalist and former Washington Post staff reporter, where he covered Internet security, technology policy, cybercrime and privacy issues for the newspaper and website.

Brian left the Washington Post after editorial management at WP decided that Cybercrime was an area that was a little too risky for its appetite.

Brian went on to found his own Website www.krebsonsecurity.com a daily blog dedicated to in-depth cyber-security news and investigation. Brian has become one of the most informed and prolific writers on the subject of Cybercrime.

His first book SPAM Nation chronicles the activities of two leading Russian figures of the Pharmaceutical SPAM racket, Igor Gusev and Victor Vrublevsky, who leaked detailed information about the other in an effort to destroy the other.

This book is a worthy read as it details the feud that developed between key Cybercrime characters and the supporting cast of corrupt banks, less than diligent ISP’s, crooked beauracrats and victims of toxic counterfeit drugs bought over the Internet from “Canadian Pharmacies”. These two individuals (Vrublevsy and Gusev), are responsible for a large percentage of SPAM that has plagued your and everyone else’s inboxes for the past 10 years.

It provides insight into motives, modus-operandi and the environment, sponsored by corrupt bureaucrats who enable Cybercrime to flourish in Eastern Europe, Russia and parts of Asia.

Why is it worth reading? Because YOU and YOUR IDENTITY are under constant threat from billions of SPAM emails and social engineering scams generated by a sophisticated, determined, patient and growing cadre of Cyber criminals.

If you have not received a letter from your bank or institution where you hold a credit account offering free credit protection services, advising that you that your credentials may have been stolen and that your account may be compromised in the past 12 months, it is almost certain you will receive one in the next 12 months.

Pharma Spam provided the trainer-wheels for the first generation of hackers. They made $millions selling counterfeit pharmaceuticals, manufactured in India, sold via online “Canadian” Pharmacies to Americans who could not afford or could not acquire drugs for any number of serious illnesses and addictive needs.

The Botnets that infected and continue to compromise millions of PC’s, causing them to generate billions of Spam emails daily still exist. They provide a platform to develop and launch more sophisticated phishing and spear-phishing attacks.

Hackers have perfected their craft in what history will record as the “wild-west” days of the Internet.

Ten years ago, these miscreants were making $millions.
Now they are making $Billions.
An increasing variety of clever scams, including impersonation of senior executives using look-alike URL’s to launch phishing and spear phishing attacks (social engineering), to gain access to the corporate network and commit fraud; extortion, identity theft, credit card theft, website ransom and Intellectual Property theft.

The epilogue, A Spam-free World: How you can protect yourself from Cyber-crime, is worth the price of the book ten times over.

If you don’t want to read the book, then please observe Brian’s three simple rules to protect your identity… and never click on a suspicious link or a link unless you can expose and validate that the underlying hyperlink is genuine.

Rule 1: If you didn’t go looking for it, do not install it.
Rule 2: If you installed it, update it.
Rule 3: If you no longer need it, remove it.

If you are interested in any subject related to Cybercrime, follow @Briankrebs on Twitter, make #Cybercrime a Twitter hashtag that you track and read daily and visit Brian’s website, it’s a must.

Finally, if you have never heard of and don’t know what “social engineering” is, then you had better do some research in a hurry, before you become the next victim of identity theft and fraud.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
The first couple chapters read like a memoir and Brian takes numerous stabs at the ...
By mjw
As an infosec professional, I've been a fan of Brian's writing for a long time. Because I admire his blog so much, I very much looked forward to reading Spam Nation. Unfortunately, the book isn't well executed. The editors either pushed too hard or not enough. The first couple chapters read like a memoir and Brian takes numerous stabs at the Washington Post and the media in general. This commentary is misplaced. There's a good deal wrong with newspapers but that's off topic and seems overly personal. Brian's criticism of The Post are generally related to appropriate vetting of sources and material. It's easy to understand Brian's perspective. Spammers act with near impunity and are generally not covered in the media. Moreover, substantiated facts are difficult to obtain on such topics. The problem is that it's easy to get carried away and lose objective perspective. Brian recounts threats of violence in terms of dealing with the Russian mafia. But then he regularly talks with the same individuals who seem like deluded 20-somethings with visions of grandeur. The facts seem questionable and the threats read as overstated.

Spam Nation focuses on Pharma spam and the related illegal sales. It's difficult to empathize with the author's perspective that this is a major problem. As is described in the book, many of the medications purchased illegally are the exact same medications sold in the US and perhaps made at the same factory as legitimately purchased products. There are obviously concerns regarding prescription abuse and that the illicit products advertised in spam could be fake or dangerous but war on pharma spam leads down the same road as the failed war on drugs. So long as Americans have prescription drug problems, the factories in developing nations that make the legitimate product will be tempted to (illegally) sell directly; there's too much financial incentive otherwise.

Spam is the byproduct of sellers trying to trying to reach buyers. Spam exists because people choose to accept the risks for a lower cost (buyer) or higher profits (seller). For most others Spam is an irritation similar to panhandling. It's unpleasant and there are some risks involved, but it's inevitable and not overly interesting. Because of these problems, I didn't enjoy Spam Nation and can't recommend it. If readers want approachable and current insight on spam and similar infosec topics, they should just go to Kreb's blog.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A deep dive for the right audience
By Jay
The writer focuses less on the concept of Spam itself, and more on his own personal involvement (from his difficulties in publishing articles in major media outlets, to his own conversations with spammers, to his findings traversing through online forums for information).

This gives the story told in the book a certain granularity by extracting sub stories from the bigger picture. It’s written more like an extended piece by an investigative journalist, and less like the work that a historian or enthusiast might tell.

Where the book does become a bit broader is in its definition of Spam, to include fraud & phising, and the stories the writer tells of peoples experience with online pharmaceuticals (an aside from the rest of the content in which he seemed to be much more personally involved). I always liked these stores, and found them to be the captivating part of the book.

For the right audience, this is a great book. One who wants to hear about Krebs’ struggles and ongoing investigation would be very satisfied (and it’s wroth noting that he is a very authoritative source on the subject. His blog is routinely cited by the media and his involvement in the topic extends past the publish date of this book).

However, for a passive observer that wants a bit of a broader history, told more like a story, and a more summarized version of personal conversations, events, etc this book doesn’t quite hit the mark.

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Thursday, 8 April 2010

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Death and the Afterlife: A Chronological Journey, from Cremation to Quantum Resurrection (Sterling Chronologies), by Clifford A. Pickover

Throughout history, the nature and mystery of death has captivated artists, scientists, philosophers, physicians, and theologians. This eerie chronology ventures right to the borderlines of science and sheds light into the darkness. Here, topics as wide ranging as the Maya death gods, golems, and s�ances sit side by side with entries on zombies and quantum immortality. With the turn of every page, readers will encounter beautiful artwork, along with unexpected insights about death and what may lie beyond.

  • Sales Rank: #132237 in Books
  • Color: black
  • Brand: Sterling Publishing
  • Published on: 2015-10-06
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.80" h x 1.10" w x 6.90" l, 1.76 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 224 pages
Features
  • Take a macabre journey through history's notions, beliefs, and rituals surrounding death and the mystery of what lies beyond.
  • This eerie chronology ventures to the fractal boundaries of psychology, culture, biology, and physics.
  • Explore such diverse topics as the Maya death gods, golems, s�ances, zombies, and quantum immortality.
  • Elegantly textured cover makes this collection a stunning conversation piece.
  • Hardcover; 211 pgs.

About the Author
Internationally renowned author Clifford Pickover has published more than 40 books, translated into over a dozen languages, on topics ranging from science and mathematics to religion, art, and history. Dr. Pickover received his PhD from Yale University's Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and holds more than 200 US patents. His research has received considerable attention from such media outlets as CNN, Wired, and TheNew York Times, and his website, pickover.com, has received millions of visits. He lives in Yorktown Heights, NY.

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11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Surprising things to think about
By Dennis Gordon
Given an infinite amount of time, you will reappear … Quantum resurrection may await all of us.

While the subject of this book is rather gloomy it is full of some glorious surprises. The possibility of quantum resurrection gives hope to the idea that death is not the end, and the optimistic quote above is taken from the final chapter. But, one does not have to wait until the final pages for such pleasantries. There are other lighthearted touches such as the words of Mel Blanc’s Porky Pig who famously said “That’s All Folks” and today these words grace the tombstone of their creator; the chapter on the story of tombstones is especially interesting.

But, all is not levity as the stories of the black death, Hades, grave robbing, autopsy and even genocide will reveal. The term “zombie” has its popular and even slang usages, but the real story is far more interesting, and the accompanying image will dance in your mind long after reading the passage. So too will the chapter on the master of the macabre Edgar Allan Poe which might be further enhanced by the ambience of a stormy night as it did for me. Other chapters cover such things as the electric chair, the guillotine, near-death experiences, with my favorite entitled “Ghost Dance” about a special dance performed by Native Americans; the illustration is magnificent. To summarize: This book says a great deal of what it means to be human.

The format of the book consists of one page entries on the right hand pages with stunning full color illustrations on the facing left hand pages. In addition, relevant dates are given for the contents of each chapter. Further, there is a brief introduction and some notes and references, and it all begins with an especially captivating cover.

To keep your pocketbook alive and well the price of the book is very reasonable.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
The Undiscovered Country(*)
By Paul Moskowitz
Cliff Pickover is a technologist who has written over forty books on mathematics and science. However, he has included the darker side of human existence in his “Book of Black” and now goes further with “Death and the Afterlife.”

Death is not an easy subject to deal with. People have struggled with the question since the beginning of humanity. Death is difficult because it is so final. After death, as (*)Hamlet observes, there is no coming back.

The author has documented one hundred instances, in chronological order, of the process of dying, of how people deal with the dead, and the related subject of what the dead experience after death, e.g., the afterlife.

The chronology starts with cremation, 20,000 BC, and takes us through the death of the Universe, over 100 trillion years in the future. In between, we see physical manifestations: burial mounds, mummies, embalming, the terra-cotta army, cryonics, and much more. There are also the imagined realms of Hades, Hell, Xibalba, and, of course, Vampires and Zombies.

Each of the 100 subjects receives a two-page spread, which includes a full page image on the left and a page of text on the right. The images include works of art and photographs. All of them are good illustrations of the text. My favorites are the Viking ship burial and Hades with Cerberus, the three-headed dog.

I found the reading to be compelling, although some may find the contents of this book disturbing. View it as a real estate listing. Choose the afterlife that you prefer and then go for it.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Surprisingly Seductive Reading
By Ray Erskins
At first glance the snazzy Gothic cover design of Cliff Pickover’s DEATH AND THE AFTERLIFE seems forbidding and gruesome. But upon closer examination its symmetry and radiance suggest a happy journey through the scary house of macabre mysteries that we humans both love and fear. And after reading the book from cover to cover I can say that, for me at least, it was a pleasant, even reassuring experience.

Anyone who has found themselves fascinated by Edgar Allen Poe or H.P. Lovecraft can attest to the guilty pleasure of delving into the horror genre. The specter of death and the possibility of some form of transfiguration and resurrection is an ancient theme that has been immortalized by the greatest poets, priests, artists, and in folklore for millenniums. Apparently, the seeming finality of death coupled with the belief in the miraculous survival of the spirit (or body) in some other place – or sometimes among us – provides a needed psychic balance for the human species.

DEATH AND THE AFTERLIFE sheds light on this and the history of cremation, burial, and the preparation (or disposal) of the bodies of the deceased in addition to the numerous versions of continued existence that may await us. But it also explains numerous scientific concepts and techniques that have come into being in modern times, such as Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Transhumanism, Cryonics, Afterlife in a Simulation, Quantum Immortality, Programmed Cell Death, Quantum Resurrection, and highly improbable but mathematically possible “Boltzmann’s Brains. These “spooky conscious observers” are “self-aware, free floating brains in outer space” that could arise due to thermal fluctuations over an infinitely long period of time. This means that we could reappear as a discarnate intelligence that wanders through space and time learning, analyzing, calculating, and rhapsodizing as we encounter unimaginable worlds in our endless travels throughout whatever sort of universe may exist in 500 trillion years. It’s a long wait, but who knows? We may wake up from a deep sleep and suddenly be a Boltzmann’s Brain made of pure gold and singing to galaxies of stars.

The key thing to remember is that no one is absolutely sure of what will become of us in the great beyond. We have our beliefs, which often arise out of personal experience and the interconnectedness of our most fateful decisions amid the laws of chance, as well as through the friends we make, and the people we love and hate. And yet, we still retain a certain Cartesian doubt about where we’re really headed. So all of us should devote serious thought to these matters of utmost importance, and mull over our prospects. We know that dying is inevitable, but life after death is the greatest leap into the unknown we will ever face. And for a much better understanding of our options, check out Cliff Pickover’s “Death and the Afterlife: A Chronological Journey from Cremation to Quantum Resurrection.” It covers everything from Frankenstein to “The Monkey’s Paw”, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse to Electronic Voice Phenomena. It’s the millennial’s version of the Egyptian Book of the Dead in these strange and interesting times.

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[B475.Ebook] Download PDF Ernest Hemingway on WritingFrom Touchstone

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Ernest Hemingway on WritingFrom Touchstone

An assemblage of reflections on the nature of writing and the writer from one the greatest American writers of the twentieth century.

Throughout Hemingway’s career as a writer, he maintained that it was bad luck to talk about writing—that it takes off “whatever butterflies have on their wings and the arrangement of hawk’s feathers if you show it or talk about it.”

Despite this belief, by the end of his life he had done just what he intended not to do. In his novels and stories, in letters to editors, friends, fellow artists, and critics, in interviews and in commissioned articles on the subject, Hemingway wrote often about writing. And he wrote as well and as incisively about the subject as any writer who ever lived…

This book contains Hemingway’s reflections on the nature of the writer and on elements of the writer’s life, including specific and helpful advice to writers on the craft of writing, work habits, and discipline. The Hemingway personality comes through in general wisdom, wit, humor, and insight, and in his insistence on the integrity of the writer and of the profession itself.
—From the Preface by Larry W. Phillips

  • Sales Rank: #28921 in Books
  • Published on: 1999
  • Released on: 1999-07-06
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.44" h x .30" w x 5.50" l, .35 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 160 pages

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138 of 149 people found the following review helpful.
He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for a reason
By Bernard M. Patten
Of course, I've read everything he wrote, but I wasn't prepared to get the key information on writing enclosed in this little book. Most people think Hemingway was a rough and tumble guy who wrote in his spare time when he had the urge. Most other times, the legend goes, he was too busy drinking, fishing, or womanizing. This book clearly shows that ain't so. He spent most of his time, the way real writers do: Writing and thinking about writing. Often he would check into a hotel, let everyone know he was there, and then stay somewhere else so as not to be disturbed from his main mission. The gems of informations depicted here come in the form of advice to the Mice (H's term for young student writers) from Y.C. (your correspondent). Did you know, for instance, "Most live writers do not exist. Their fame is created by critics who always need a genius of the season, someone they understand completely and feel safe in praising, but when these fabricated geniuses are dead they will not exist." Or how about this gem: "If an sonofbitch could write he wouldn't have to teach in college." Particulary interesting is Papa's advice to writers about reading. He was of the opinion that most writers write too much and don't read enough. His advice is to master Tolstoi, Flaubert, Mann, Joyce, Fielding, Mark Twain, Stendhal, Dostoevskis, Crane, Kipling, Turgenev, Hudson, James, (on and on so fast you can't write them down, three times that many) before you start writing. Very good advice, I would say. His point being you must first read the literature before you can write literature. This book does omit one piece of advice that H never gave but which he practiced by example. He memorized the King James Bible (cf Moveable Feast) and could recite it by heart. He did this to get down into the very structure of his brain the cadences that express beauty and truth effectively. The secret of his terse style is therefore the secret of clear and simple expression as in that wonderful version of the Bible.

41 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
Reflections on writing culled from Hemingway's writings
By James Arvo
Hemingway was reticent about his craft; he feared that talking about it would destroy it, or even worse, be a substitute for it. Yet, woven throughout his novels and other writings are numerous observations about writers and the art of writing. In "Ernest Hemingway On Writing", Larry Phillips has culled several hundred excerpts from Hemingway's books, interviews, and personal correspondences that touch upon some aspect of writing. They range in length from a mere sentence fragment to several paragraphs. As Phillips explains in the introduction, "This book contains Hemingway's reflections on the nature of the writer and on the elements of the writer's life, including specific helpful advice to writers on the craft of writing, work habits, and discipline. The Hemmingway personality comes through in general wisdom, wit, humor, and insight..."
Some of these reflections are insightful, some are humorous, and some show us Hemingway at his best. But this is not to say that the collection works as a whole. While I like the idea behind book, and feel it has definite value, there are a good number of excerpts that do not seem to have any of the above qualities, so I question why they were included. They seem like filler. Nonetheless, I'll list a few of the reflections that I liked, as they show something of Hemingway's many moods and styles.
In a letter to Charles Scribner, Hemingway reveals a tortured ambivalence about writing: "Charlie there is no future in anything. I hope you agree. That is why I like it at a war. Every day and every night there is a strong possibility that you will get killed and not have to write. I have to write to be happy... But it is a hell of a disease to be born with. I like to do it. Which is even worse. That makes it from a disease into a vice. Then I want to do it better than anybody has ever done it which makes it into an obsession."
Among the reflections are many little truisms about writing: "...it has never gotten any easier to do and you can't expect it to if you keep trying for something better than you can do." There are also sardonic remarks: "The good parts of a book may be only something a writer is lucky enough to overhear or it may be the wreck of his whole damn life--and one is as good as the other." Some of Hemingway's remarks seem genuinely helpful, as when he describes what he does when he is "stuck". He would say to himself "Do no worry. You have always written before and you will write now. All you have to do is write one true sentence. Write the truest sentence that you know." Then, he explains "If I start to write elaborately, or like someone introducing or presenting something, I found that I could cut that scrollwork or ornament out and throw it away and start with the first true simple declarative sentence I had written." Finally, when asked "How much should you write a day?", he proffered this advice: "The best way is always to stop when you are going good and when you know what will happen next. If you do that every day when you are writing a novel you will never get stuck. That is the most valuable thing I can tell you so try to remember it."
The collection definitely contains some gems; if you are a Hemingway fan you will likely enjoy it. However, if you are looking for sage advice from the master, you are apt to be disappointed, for once you remove the quips and the anecdotes, there is not a great deal left.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Richard A. Herman
Quotation selection could have been better.

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Wednesday, 7 April 2010

[G303.Ebook] Download Korean Compact Dictionary (Berlitz Compact Dictionary), by Berlitz Publishing

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Korean Compact Dictionary (Berlitz Compact Dictionary), by Berlitz Publishing

The Berlitz Compact Dictionary series, ideal for travelers, students, and business people, features bold, blue headwords for maximum accessibility, thousands of idioms, new words, expressions and grammatical information. It’s a must-have compact reference work for language learners that fits in a pocket. From Berlitz – the leaders in language-learning.

  • Sales Rank: #1906773 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Berlitz Publishing
  • Published on: 2011-04-01
  • Original language: Korean
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.08" h x 1.13" w x 3.85" l, .70 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 672 pages
Features
  • ISBN13: 9789812686503
  • Condition: Used - Very Good
  • Notes: 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Accurate translations, great for travel or as a learning tool
By Rachel
I don't trust any other dictionary! I studied 4 years in university and checked thoroughly if the words/phrases that I knew were correct and they were! It also has some example sentences and situational uses of words. Just be careful with Korean since there can be many words to choose from for the same meaning, depending on the situation. For example, "broken/to break" has SO many verbs depending on what the noun is-- but luckily it is all listed in this dictionary!! It has romanization which can help new students as well. A bit large for having as a pocket dictionary, but full of info and small enough to be in a purse or small travel bag as you explore Korea.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I really dislike the romanized pronunciation system in this book
By tsha l
I really dislike the romanized pronunciation system in this book; it's a challenge to use most of the time. Otherwise, it's good. The range of definitions is wide enough that I can use it often and the definitions themselves are concise and efficient.

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Tuesday, 30 March 2010

[Z526.Ebook] Get Free Ebook The Future of Disability Law in India: A Critical Analysis of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and

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The Future of Disability Law in India: A Critical Analysis of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and

According to the 2001 census, India has more than twenty million people suffering from various disabilities. However, disability law in India does not adequately address this issue. This book analyses the rights of the disabled people from the perspectives of equality and human rights. It argues that due to various disabilities these people are discriminated against and that, like any other citizen of the country, they have an equal share in its resources. Although the government over the years has made efforts to improve the lives of disabled people, much of it remained only symbolic in nature. The major step forward, however, came with the passing of the Persons with Disability (PWD) Act in 1995.

The volume critically reviews this Act, which is aimed to provide equal opportunities to the people with disabilities. It contends that though the Act has been in force since 1996, due to lack of clarity, often the civil society groups, judges, and even lawyers have found its provisions difficult to interpret. The author also discusses the role of private sector in providing social security to the disabled. The book addresses the critical issue of amending the disability law to bring it in compliance with the prevailing international legislation-the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD).

This book will interest lawyers, medical practitioners, human rights activists, and policymakers. It will also be useful for teachers and researchers in the area of law, disability, and sociology.



Special Features:

Critically reviews the Persons with Disability (PWD) Act. Analyses disability law from human rights and equality perspectives. Uses national and international precedents to review the law. Analyses the role of private sector in providing social security to the disabled.



Table of Contents:

Foreword Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. Equality in the Context of Disability: The Right to be Different but Equal 2. The Legal Definition of Disability under the PWD Act 3. The Right to Education 4. Equal Opportunities in Employment 5. The Right to Access and Public Services 6. Disability and the Private Sector 7. The UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Impact on Disability Law in India Conclusion Bibliography Subject Index

  • Sales Rank: #9679306 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Oxford University Press
  • Published on: 2012-01-18
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 5.80" h x .80" w x 8.80" l, 1.02 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 240 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author

Jayna Kothari is an advocate and partner in Ashira Law, Bangalore.

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Saturday, 27 March 2010

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Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not the Few, by Robert B. Reich

America was once celebrated for and defined by its large and prosperous middle class. Now, this middle class is shrinking, a new oligarchy is rising, and the country faces its greatest wealth disparity in eighty years. Why is the economic system that made America strong suddenly failing us, and how can it be fixed?

Leading political economist and bestselling author Robert B. Reich presents a paradigm-shifting, clear-eyed examination of a political and economic status quo that no longer serves the people, exposing one of the most pernicious obstructions to progress today: the enduring myth of the “free market” when, behind the curtain, it is the powerful alliances between Washington and Wall Street that control the invisible hand. Laying to rest the specious dichotomy between a free market and “big government,” Reich shows that the truly critical choice ahead is between a market organized for broad-based prosperity and one designed to deliver ever more gains to the top. Visionary and acute, Saving Capitalism illuminates the path toward restoring America’s fundamental promise of opportunity and advancement.

  • Sales Rank: #12333 in Books
  • Brand: Vintage Books
  • Published on: 2016-05-03
  • Released on: 2016-05-03
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 7.99" h x .60" w x 5.13" l, .81 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 304 pages
Features
  • Vintage Books

Review
Praise for Robert B. Reich’s Saving Capitalism

A Publishers Weekly Business & Economics Top 10 selection for Fall 2015

"Ambitious. . . . Reich makes a very good case that widening inequality largely reflects political decisions that could have gone in very different directions. . . . Saving Capitalism is a very good guide to the state we’re in." —The New York Review of Books

“If you want to understand why income and wealth inequality are the economic, political, and moral issues of our time, you must read this book. Robert Reich is one of the best economists in modern American history. This book is a roadmap on how to rebuild the middle class and fix a rigged economy that has been propped up by a corrupt campaign finance system.” —United States Senator Bernie Sanders

“[A] sweeping treatise on inequality in America. . . . A rallying call.” —The New York Times Book Review

“One of Reich’s finest works, and is required reading for anyone who has hope that a capitalist system can indeed work for the many, and not just the few.” —Salon

“Like any good teacher, Robert Reich knows that making a simple yet crucial idea stick often takes much time and many presentations of the concept. . . . In Saving Capitalism, Reich drives home a basic fact that, if widely understood, could lift America from today’s destructive political standoff.” —Chicago Tribune

“A well-written, thought-provoking book by one of America’s leading economic thinkers and progressive champions.” —The Huffington Post

“Engrossing. . . . [Reich] is calmly articulate, not alarmist; yet a sense of urgency pulses through his unambiguous prose.” —The Argonaut (Los Angeles)

“Audacious. . . . Offers a pragmatic reform-filled path forward. . . . [Reich takes] on the very language used by the business world that perpetuates the myth that the private sector exists as magical sphere entirely unrelated to government.” —EcoWatch

“Reich has both the stature and eloquence to make a compelling case. His sharply argued critique is therefore highly recommended to all readers. . . . Insightful.” —Library Journal (starred review)

“An arresting, thought-provoking treatise on the need to reverse the trend of income inequality in the U.S. . . . Reich’s powerful final argument is that Americans need to rid themselves of the idea that it’s too late to change their economy.” —Publishers Weekly

“An accessible examination of how the ‘apparent arbitrariness and unfairness of the economy [has] undermined the public’s faith in its basic tenets’. . . . The author takes a measured view even as he argues against free market orthodoxies, [and] he arrives at some innovative reforms. . . . Reich’s overriding message is that we don’t have to put up with things as they are. It’s a useful and necessary one.” —Kirkus Reviews

“This is an important and provocative book about the erosion of America’s middle class by one of the nation’s most astute and passionate social critics. Reich provides an original and compelling analysis of how the rules governing America’s form of capitalism have contributed to growing income inequality and of how these rules have been distorted by the role of money in the U.S. political system.” —Laura D’Andrea Tyson

“Robert Reich has written a riveting guide to how our economic and political system has become so badly flawed, distorted by pervasive rent seeking and monopolies. He explains our rising inequality and our poor economic performance. Wholesale reform is needed—far beyond the usual prescriptions of raising the minimum wage and spending more money on education.” —Joseph Stiglitz

“Robert Reich sets the terms for new and more productive debates by rediscovering the political roots of the economic arrangements we too often take for granted. Everyone concerned with our economic future will need to grapple with Reich’s arguments in 2016 and beyond.” —Lawrence H. Summers

About the Author
Robert B. Reich is Chancellor’s Professor of Public Policy at the Richard and Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and senior fellow at the Blum Center for Developing Economies. He has served in three national administrations and has written fourteen books, including The Work of Nations, which has been translated into twenty-two languages, and the bestsellers Supercapitalism and Locked in the Cabinet. His articles have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. He is co-creator of the award-winning 2013 film Inequality for All. He is also chair of the national governing board of Common Cause. He lives in Berkeley.

www.robertreich.org

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
chapter 1

The Prevailing View

It usually occurs in a small theater or a lecture hall. Someone introduces me and then introduces a person who is there to debate me. My debate opponent and I then spend five or ten minutes sparring over the chosen topic—­education, poverty, income inequality, taxes, executive pay, middle-­class wages, climate change, drug trafficking, whatever. It doesn’t matter. Because, with astounding regularity, the debate soon turns to whether the “free market” is better at doing something than government.

I do not invite this. In fact, as I’ve already said and will soon explain, I view it as a meaningless debate. Worse, it’s a distraction from what we should be debating. Intentional or not, it deflects the public’s attention from what’s really at issue.

Few ideas have more profoundly poisoned the minds of more people than the notion of a “free market” existing somewhere in the universe, into which government “intrudes.” In this view, whatever inequality or insecurity the market generates is assumed to be the natural and inevitable consequence of impersonal “market forces.” What you’re paid is simply a measure of what you’re worth in the market. If you aren’t paid enough to live on, so be it. If others rake in billions, they must be worth it. If millions of people are unemployed or their paychecks are shrinking or they have to work two or three jobs and have no idea what they’ll be earning next month or even next week, that’s unfortunate but it’s the outcome of “market forces.”

According to this view, whatever we might do to reduce inequality or economic insecurity—­to make the economy work for most of us—­runs the risk of distorting the market and causing it to be less efficient, or of producing unintended consequences that may end up harming us. Although market imperfections such as pollution or unsafe workplaces, or the need for public goods such as basic research or even aid to the poor, may require the government to intervene on occasion, these instances are exceptions to the general rule that the market knows best.

The prevailing view is so dominant that it is now almost taken for granted. It is taught in almost every course on introductory economics. It has found its way into everyday public discourse. One hears it expressed by politicians on both sides of the aisle.

The question typically left to debate is how much intervention is warranted. Conservatives want a smaller government and less intervention; liberals want a larger and more activist government. This has become the interminable debate, the bone of contention that splits left from right in America and in much of the rest of the capitalist world. One’s response to it typically depends on which you trust most (the least): the government or the “free market.”

But the prevailing view, as well as the debate it has spawned, is utterly false. There can be no “free market” without government. The “free market” does not exist in the wilds beyond the reach of civilization. Competition in the wild is a contest for survival in which the largest and strongest typically win. Civilization, by contrast, is defined by rules; rules create markets, and governments generate the rules. As the seventeenth-­century political philosopher Thomas Hobbes put it in his book Leviathan:

[in nature] there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

A market—­any market—­requires that government make and enforce the rules of the game. In most modern democracies, such rules emanate from legislatures, administrative agencies, and courts. Government doesn’t “intrude” on the “free market.” It creates the market.

The rules are neither neutral nor universal, and they are not permanent. Different societies at different times have adopted different versions. The rules partly mirror a society’s evolving norms and values but also reflect who in society has the most power to make or influence them. Yet the interminable debate over whether the “free market” is better than “government” makes it impossible for us to examine who exercises this power, how they benefit from doing so, and whether such rules need to be altered so that more people benefit from them.

The size of government is not unimportant, but the rules for how the free market functions have far greater impact on an economy and a society. Surely it is useful to debate how much government should tax and spend, regulate and subsidize. Yet these issues are at the margin of the economy, while the rules are the economy. It is impossible to have a market system without such rules and without the choices that lie behind them. As the economic historian Karl Polanyi recognized, those who argue for “less government” are really arguing for a different government—­often one that favors them or their patrons. “Deregulation” of the financial sector in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, for example, could more appropriately be described as “reregulation.” It did not mean less government. It meant a different set of rules, initially allowing Wall Street to speculate on a wide assortment of risky but lucrative bets and permitting banks to push mortgages onto people who couldn’t afford them. When the bubble burst in 2008, the government issued rules to protect the assets of the largest banks, subsidize them so they would not go under, and induce them to acquire weaker banks. At the same time, the government enforced other rules that caused millions of people to lose their homes. These were followed by additional rules intended to prevent the banks from engaging in new rounds of risky behavior (although in the view of many experts, these new rules are inadequate).

The critical things to watch out for aren’t the rare big events, such as the 2008 bailout of the Street itself, but the ongoing multitude of small rule changes that continuously alter the economic game. Even a big event’s most important effects are on how the game is played differently thereafter. The bailout of Wall Street created an implicit guarantee that the government would subsidize the biggest banks if they ever got into trouble. This, as I will show, gave the biggest banks a financial advantage over smaller banks and fueled their subsequent growth and dominance over the entire financial sector, which enhanced their subsequent political power to get rules they wanted and avoid those they did not.

The “free market” is a myth that prevents us from examining these rule changes and asking whom they serve. The myth is therefore highly useful to those who do not wish such an examination to be undertaken. It is no accident that those with disproportionate influence over these rules, who are the largest beneficiaries of how the rules have been designed and adapted, are also among the most vehement supporters of the “free market” and the most ardent advocates of the relative superiority of the market over government. But the debate itself also serves their goal of distracting the public from the underlying realities of how the rules are generated and changed, their own power over this process, and the extent to which they gain from the results. In other words, not only do these “free market” advocates want the public to agree with them about the superiority of the market but also about the central importance of this interminable debate.

They are helped by the fact that the underlying rules are well hidden in an economy where so much of what is owned and traded is becoming intangible and complex. Rules governing intellectual property, for example, are harder to see than the rules of an older economy in which property took the tangible forms of land, factories, and machinery. Likewise, monopolies and market power were clearer in the days of giant railroads and oil trusts than they are now, when a Google, Apple, Facebook, or Comcast can gain dominance over a network, platform, or communications system. At the same time, contracts were simpler to parse when buyers and sellers were on more or less equal footing and could easily know or discover what the other party was promising. That was before the advent of complex mortgages, consumer agreements, franchise systems, and employment contracts, all of whose terms are now largely dictated by one party. Similarly, financial obligations were clearer when banking was simpler and the savings of some were loaned to others who wanted to buy homes or start businesses. In today’s world of elaborate financial instruments, by contrast, it is sometimes difficult to tell who owes what to whom, or when, or why.

Before we can understand the consequences of all of this for modern capitalism, it is first necessary to address basic questions about how government has organized and reorganized the market, what interests have had the most influence on this process, and who has gained and who has lost as a result. To do so, we must examine the market mechanism in some detail.

2

The Five Building Blocks of Capitalism

In order to have a “free market,” decisions must be made about

•property: what can be owned

•monopoly: what degree of market power is permissible

•contract: what can be bought and sold, and on what terms

•bankruptcy: what happens when purchasers can’t pay up

•enforcement: how to make sure no one cheats on any of these rules

You might think such decisions obvious. Ownership, for ex- ample, is simply a matter of what you’ve created or bought or invented, what’s yours.

Think again. What about slaves? The human genome? A nuclear bomb? A recipe? Most contemporary societies have decided you can’t own these things. You can own land, a car, mobile devices, a home, and all the things that go into a home. But the most important form of property is now intellectual property—­new designs, ideas, and inventions. What exactly counts as intellectual property, and how long can you own it?

Decisions also underlie what degree of market power is permissible—­how large and economically potent a company or small group of firms can become, or to what extent dominance over a standard platform or search engine unduly constrains competition.

Similarly, you may think buying and selling is simply a matter of agreeing on a price—­just supply and demand. But most societies have decided against buying and selling sex, babies, and votes. Most don’t allow the sale of dangerous drugs, unsafe foods, or deceptive Ponzi schemes. Similarly, most civilized societies do not allow or enforce contracts that are coerced or that are based on fraud. But what exactly does “coercion” mean? Or even “fraud”?

Other decisions govern unpaid debts: Big corporations can use bankruptcy to rid themselves of burdensome pension obligations to their employees, for example, while homeowners cannot use bankruptcy to reduce burdensome mortgages, and former students cannot use it to reduce burdensome student debts.

And we rely on decisions about how all these rules are enforced—­the priorities of police, inspectors, and prosecutors; who can participate in government rule making; who has standing to sue; and the outcomes of judicial proceedings.

Many of these decisions are far from obvious and some of them change over time, either because social values change (think of slavery), technologies change (patents on novel arrangements of molecules), or the people with power to influence these decisions change (not just public officials, but the people who got them into their positions).

These decisions don’t “intrude” on the free market. They constitute the free market. Without them there is no market.

What guides these decisions? What do the people who make the rules seek to achieve? The rules can be designed to maximize efficiency (given the current distribution of income and wealth in society), or growth (depending on who benefits from that growth and what a society is willing to sacrifice to achieve it, such as fouling the environment), or fairness (depending on prevailing norms about what constitutes a fair and decent society); or they can be designed to maximized the profits of large corporations and big banks, and the wealth of those already very wealthy.

If a democracy is working as it should, elected officials, agency heads, and judges will be making the rules roughly in accordance with the values of most citizens. As philosopher John Rawls has suggested, a fair choice of rule would reflect the views of the typical citizen who did not know how he or she would be affected by its application. Accordingly, the “free market” would generate outcomes that improved the well-­being of the vast majority.

But if a democracy is failing (or never functioned to begin with), the rules might instead enhance the wealth of a comparative few at the top while keeping almost everyone else relatively poor and economically insecure. Those with sufficient power and resources would have enough influence over politicians, regulatory heads, and judges to ensure that the “free market” worked mostly on their behalf.

This is not corruption as commonly understood. In the United States, those with power and resources rarely directly bribe public officials in order to receive specific and visible favors, such as advantageous government contracts. Instead, they make campaign contributions and occasionally hold out the promise of lucrative jobs at the end of government careers. And the most valuable things they get in exchange are market rules that seem to apply to everyone and appear to be neutral, but that systematically and disproportionately benefit them. To state the matter another way, it is not the unique and perceptible government “intrusions” into the market that have the greatest effect on who wins and who loses; it is the way government organizes the market.

Power and influence are hidden inside the processes through which market rules are made, and the resulting economic gains and losses are disguised as the “natural” outcomes of “impersonal market forces.” Yet as long as we remain obsessed by the debate over the relative merits of the “free market” and “government,” we have little hope of seeing through the camouflage.

Before examining each of the five building blocks of capitalism separately, it is useful to see how political power shapes all of them and why market freedom cannot be understood apart from how such power is exercised, and by whom.

Most helpful customer reviews

252 of 263 people found the following review helpful.
Please read
By Dienne
I have been recommending this book far and wide to anyone and everyone who will listen. Not necessarily because I agree with everything in the book, but because of Reich’s simple, laymen explanation of the building blocks of the “free” market – property, monopoly, contract, bankruptcy and enforcement – and how those elements are, in fact, determined by the government. As Reich himself says repeatedly throughout the book, it’s not a conflict between “government” on one hand and the “free market” on the other hand. The government, through laws, regulations and judicial proceedings, actually creates the market. It’s not even a matter of the size of the government – “big government” vs. “small government”. It’s a matter of who controls the government and in whose interests these laws, regulations and judicial proceedings work – the majority of the people/society as a whole? Or a rich and influential few? Furthermore, Reich destroys the notion that those rich and influential few deserve the power and wealth that they control because they have “earned it”.

After an introductory chapter, Reich spends the first five chapters explaining each of the building blocks of the market and how those can be manipulated to either protect and support the majority of the people or to promote the interests of the powerful few. What types of things can be owned and how is that ownership allocated? Tangible goods may be obvious but what about intangible things like intellectual property, large platforms like the internet or cable, or even labor? Furthermore, what share of any particular market is it okay for any individual or corporation to own? What kinds of contracts can be made, especially in situations in which the parties to a contract may not have equal power? When a party to a contract cannot fulfill it, what protection does such party have? What rights does the creditor have? And when these issues end up in court, how are they decided?

In the period after World War II until the 1970s or so, Reich demonstrates how these building blocks were used to protect jobs, health, the environment and the rights and interests of ordinary Americans. But since the 1980s and the rise of “supply sided economics”, and especially since the Citizens United Supreme Court decision earlier this decade, large corporations and powerful individuals have used their influence to encourage elected officials to create laws and policies that favor the interests of the powerful. For instance, he describes at length the patent process and how Big Pharma and others have lobbied to extend patents nearly indefinitely, and how Big Pharma has even paid generic drug companies to delay releasing generic drugs even after the patent has finally expired, which forces Americans to pay very high prices for drugs available much cheaper elsewhere (and Big Pharma has lobbied to restrict Americans from buying such cheaper drugs from foreign pharmacies over the internet). As another example, customers and employees are often forced to sign contracts mandating that disputes be arbitrated by an arbitrator of the company’s choosing (which said arbitrator is most likely to favor the company that is paying them over the customer or employee). Reich gives dozens of other examples of how the “free” market is rigged against ordinary Americans and it’s done intentionally by powerful individuals and corporations exerting their influence on the government in order to create the market in their favor. He demonstrates how these rules and policies redistribute wealth upward as the market works. Talk of “redistribution” of wealth through taxes (generally thought to be “socialist” is a non-starter because the wealth is already redistributed before the fact.

Reich goes on to explore and explode the myth of “meritocracy” – the idea that we all “earn” what we “deserve” in the market. Reich points out that that is obviously true in a tautological sense. We get what we get because we can’t get more. But from the working poor to the non-working rich, he demonstrates the fallacies that lie behind such thinking. He looks at how, in the past, the value of labor itself has often been considered to provide a stake in the final output and income of the company itself. After all, no goods or services would be provided without the people who do the work. But over the last few decades, only those providing the capital are viewed as stakeholders, so labor, consumers, and society as a whole loses out.

For these reasons I recommend the book to every American to get a clear understanding of the distortion of the “free market” propaganda. But that’s not to say that the book doesn’t have its flaws. For one thing, Reich relies rather heavily on the passive voice. While he does make it clear that these laws and policies have been implemented intentionally at the behest of the powerful few, he denies that these powerful few have any moral culpability. They are just acting on their own self-interest, the same as you and I. I’m sorry, but no. My taking a job, for instance, in which I know that other candidates lost out because I succeeded, is not at all the same as, for instance, repealing the laws that protected commercial banking funds from risky investment and speculation so that big bankers can gamble with federally-protected savings accounts. Most of us consider the needs of other people as we go about doing the best to provide for ourselves and our families. Most of us don’t feel the need to reduce food stamps and take money out of poor people’s mouths just so that we could make another couple million. In fact, there’s a reason why most of us are not multi-millionaires or billionaires – we’re simply not ruthless enough.

Secondly (and relatedly) Reich doesn’t talk nearly enough about the mechanisms of this influence. He talks a lot about “lobbying”, but he really doesn’t explore what that word means. When I was in high school civics, we learned that lobbying is simply talking or writing to your elected official to try to convince him or her of your point of view and get his/her vote in your favor. But if that’s all it is, why do companies suddenly have so much more influence that ordinary citizens, especially considering how many more of us there are? So the guy from Monsanto is just that much more persuasive than Farmer Joe from Kansas? Or is there something more behind Monsanto’s persuasiveness that Farmer Joe doesn’t have access to? Sure, Monsanto can afford to hire people to do nothing but talk to Congressmen, while Farmer Joe is busy planting, tilling and harvesting his fields. Reich does talk about campaign contributions and promises of lucrative jobs post-government service, but he really needs to go into much more depth.

He could also stand to talk in depth about the media. The major media, including print and broadcast services, are almost entirely owned by six media corporations. Reich does cover this a tiny bit in his section on monopoly, but the implications are staggering. In addition to the money pouring into politician’s campaign coffers, citizens are hampered by a lack of information. There is almost a complete media black-out on certain aspects of how the government is run, unless one spends one’s time scouring blogs and alternate media. The media also control the range of “acceptable” opinions – anything outside that range is the lunatic fringe. For example, should we invade XYZ Muslim country with boots on the ground, or should we contain the situation with drones and special ops? Not getting involved at all is crazy talk. Should we bail out the banks or not? Bailing out the people and letting the banks fail is crazy talk.

Reich’s final chapters address his solutions for the ills he lays out in the majority of the book. Most such solutions are simply repealing the bad laws and policies that have been enacted as he’s explained earlier in the book. Get rid of Citizen’s United. Outlaw the revolving door between government service and the corporate world. Reduce patent lengths. Outlaw pay-for-delay. Etc. Reich seems to believe that such moves are completely possible. I’d like to believe him. With an informed and energetic citizenry, I think he would be right. But one of the most impressive aspects of the neoliberal takeover has been the containment of the populace. We as a nation are either so busy making ends meet or so distracted by games and gadgets, that we’ve willingly allowed a corporate coup under our very noses. More and more people are waking up and realizing what’s happening, but at the same time we have less and less voice. Our survival will depend upon not getting sidetracked by the liberal vs. conservative, Democrat vs. Republican narrative and coming together as citizens of a nation that are all in it together, whether we want to be or not. But the same people who control our government and the media (and, more and more, education) benefit from these false fights and will stir them up as long as they can. I’m not sure I have faith in the American people to see past the propaganda.

I will say again that I salute Reich for writing such a clear and cogent explanation of the fallacies of the “government vs. free market” debate. Again, every American should read this book. My criticisms are just my wishing that he’d taken his arguments just a bit further, and such criticisms are, perhaps, just a bit unfair – like criticizing the receiver who returned a kick-off for ninety yards, but didn’t quite make it the last couple yards for a touchdown. Reich’s voice is especially important now as we head into the primaries for the 2016 elections. Reich does list a few criticisms of the Bill Clinton administration in which he served and what he wishes would have been done differently. I hope he’ll loudly raise those same criticisms as Hillary campaigns for the Democratic nomination.

118 of 125 people found the following review helpful.
Reich is always worth reading, even if you don't agree with his prescriptions.
By Narut Ujnat
I have read a few books by Robert Reich and generally enjoyed them. His book "Locked in the Cabinet" is probably one of the greatest expositions on serving as a secretary (in his case in Secretary of Labor during the first Clinton term) and dealing with a government bureaucracy as exists. Moreover, his book The Work of Nations was also a very interesting book about how the economy was changing on the 1990's. And, a lot of his descriptions have turned out to be accurate. Of course, I also read a book he wrote on the 1980's about how Japan was going to rule the world. That book was a product of it's time and was pretty incorrect in many ways.

In that context, I was offered the chance to read through and review an advance copy of the book. If you have an interest in economic issues that is aimed for the general lay-reader, this is a valuable and interesting read. Reich's critique is aimed at showing how the American landscape is changing in ways perceptive people realize or perhaps don't realize. This includes the real implosion of the middle class, the rise of tremendous economic inequality and the changing American economy.

In addition, Reich discusses the financial system as benefiting the investment class and the idea of the rigged game. Finally, Reich offers ideas on how to counteract this system that he believes is failing the bulk of Americans, such is raising the minimum wage.

Now, personally I would agree with many of Reich's descriptions and I enjoyed the narrative. But, I largely disagree with his prescriptions on addressing these issues. But, I think if you disagree with Reich (and he is often skewered), this is still a worthwhile book. It isn't 800 pages (a very manageable 200 + pages) and I still was challenged and learned things.

Overall, this is a valuable read and a good critique of what certainly is affecting the economy and how a large segment of Americans are suffering.

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Cogent and compelling
By Mal Warwick
If you’ve ever been exposed to Robert Reich’s “Wealth and Poverty” course at UC Berkeley, perhaps through the film Inequality for All, or heard him speak in public, you know that there are few people alive today who are his equal in the ability to explain complex economic and social issues so cogently and compellingly. And few indeed are as funny as he is, either: the man could make a go of a career with a standup act.

capitalismHowever, there’s not a lot of humor in Saving Capitalism, Reich’s fifteenth book. In this brilliant long essay, the former U.S. Secretary of Labor takes on the economic issues of the day from a perspective that rarely comes to light in public discourse: he rejects the widespread assumption that a “free market” exists independent of government.

“A market — any market — requires that government make and enforce the rules of the game,” Reich writes. The size of government, the preoccupation of the American Right for the past four decades, is a distraction from the reality that big corporations and the country’s wealthiest people have steadily rigged the rules that structure the economy — through lobbying, massive political contributions, and the courts. Society’s biggest challenge today, inequality in wealth and income, was the inevitable result of the steady shift of power to the “1%” from the rest of us, as Occupy Wall Street so famously pointed out. “The critical debate for the future is not about the size of government,” Reich adds; “it is about whom government is for.” This is a view of American society from 30,000 feet.

Reich cites a study by two scholars who set out to gauge “the relative influence . . . of economic elites, business groups, mass-based interest groups, and average citizens.” The study concluded, “The preferences of the average American appear to have only a minuscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.” In other words, everything you ever feared about the influence of the 1% is true.

As Reich explains in a particularly enlightening chapter, “The Decline of Countervailing Power,” the principal reason why Wall Street, the corporations, and the superrich have managed to enrich themselves at the expense of the middle class and the working poor is that the counterweight to what we call the 1% today has steadily withered away since the 1970s. Reich refers to the “interest groups and membership organizations — clubs, associations, political parties, and trade unions — to which politicians were [once] responsive.”

The most potent of these factors was, of course, the labor movement. Following World War II, labor stood toe-to-toe with Big Business when it came to employees’ wages and working conditions and wielded huge influence in Washington. As we’re so painfully aware, that is far from the case today — but the decline of organized labor didn’t happen by accident. It was engineered beginning in the early 1970s by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and their Republican allies, working from the top down through the courts, the Congress, and state governments across the country. Reich doesn’t tell this story, perhaps because it’s so well known.

Saving Capitalism should be required reading for every American who wishes to understand the way our society works today. Unfortunately, though the book has already begun to climb on the bestseller lists, we can be sure that will never happen in an era when a megalomaniacal reality TV star is topping the polls in the Republican presidential primary competition.

Robert B. Reich served three presidents — Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton — in the course of a long and distinguished career in academia and government. Currently he is Chancellor’s Professor of Public Policy at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Friday, 26 March 2010

[Z332.Ebook] Free PDF Daisy Bates, by Elizabeth Salter

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Daisy Bates, by Elizabeth Salter

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Daisy Bates, by Elizabeth Salter

  • Sales Rank: #5324752 in Books
  • Published on: 1972-02-24
  • Ingredients: Example Ingredients
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 288 pages

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